PT100, the full name of platinum thermal resistor, is a resistive temperature sensor made of platinum (Pt), and its resistance value changes with temperature. The 100 after PT means that its resistance value is 100 ohms at 0℃, and its resistance value is about 138.5 ohms at 100℃.
This article explores 2-, 3-, and 4-wire configurations for resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), focusing on how environmental factors, accuracy requirements, cost, and wire configuration affect selection. The 4-wire configuration is complex but offers the highest accuracy, while the 2-wire configuration has advantages in lower-accuracy applications. Choosing a configuration requires a combination of application requirements and practical conditions.
An RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) is a sensor whose resistance changes as its temperature changes. The resistance increases as the temperature of the sensor increases. The resistance vs temperature relationship is well known and is repeatable over time.
The main difference between an RTD and a Pt100 is the material used for the sensing element: PT100 is a specific type of RTD thermal resistor, and its name comes from “Platinum” (platinum) and “100” (100 ohms at 0°C). It is the most commonly used RTD sensor and is widely used in industrial process control, laboratory measurement and other fields that require high-precision temperature monitoring. The advantages of PT100 include:
The thermal resistance formula is in the form of Rt=Ro(1+A*t+B*t*t);Rt=Ro[1+A*t+B*t*t+C(t-100)*t*t*t], t represents Celsius temperature, Ro is the resistance value at zero degrees Celsius, A, B, C are all specified coefficients, for Pt100, Ro is equal to 100℃.
A PT100 sensor acquires temperature by measuring the change in its electrical resistance, which directly correlates to the temperature it is exposed to; as the temperature increases, the resistance of the platinum element within the sensor also increases, allowing for a precise calculation of the temperature based on this resistance change; essentially, the “100” in PT100 signifies that the sensor has a resistance of 100 ohms at 0°C, and this value changes predictably with temperature fluctuations.
Platinum resistors are widely used in the medium temperature range (-200～650℃). At present, there are standard temperature measuring thermal resistors made of metal platinum on the market, such as Pt100, Pt500, Pt1000, etc.
The temperature measurement range of the commonly used platinum resistance Pt100 sensor probes is -200～850℃, and the temperature measurement ranges of Pt500, Pt1000 sensor probes, etc. are successively reduced. Pt1000, temperature measurement range is -200～420℃. According to the IEC751 international standard, the temperature characteristics of the platinum resistor Pt1000 meet the following requirements:
The DS18B20 sensor communicates using the “1-Wire” protocol, which means it uses a single data line for all communication with a microcontroller, allowing multiple sensors to be connected on the same line and identified by their unique 64-bit serial code; this single data line is pulled high with a resistor and the sensor transmits data by pulling the line low during specific time slots to send bits of information.
This article explains in detail the application of custom DS18B20 digital temperature sensor in building a digital thermometer. Including working principle, hardware connection, software programming and simulation implementation. Provide complete protues simulation diagram, C source code and result analysis to help readers deeply understand and practice the use of DS18B20.
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