Διαφορές μεταξύ των ταχέως δράσης και της αργής δράσης ασφάλειες

Οι βασικές διαφορές μεταξύ των ασφάλειων γρήγορης δράσης και αργής δράσης βρίσκονται στην ταχύτητα απόκρισης και τα σενάρια εφαρμογής τους: Οι ασφάλειες γρήγορης δράσης φυσούν αμέσως για να προστατεύσουν τα ευαίσθητα εξαρτήματα, Ενώ οι ασφάλειες αργής δράσης καθυστερούν την εκτόξευση για να αντέξουν τα ρεύματα κύματος.

Analysis of the Main Differences

Blowing Characteristics and Response Speed.

Fast-Acting Fuses:

They have extremely fast response times, blowing within milliseconds (typically 0.1ms-5s) when overcurrent occurs. They are suitable for protecting precision electronic components such as IC chips and semiconductor devices. (UL standard).

They follow the Joule heating effect (Q = I²Rt), have a simple fuse design, and use narrow-section metal wire for rapid heat conduction.

They are sensitive to instantaneous currents and cannot withstand surge currents during power on/off or motor startup.

Διαφορές μεταξύ των ταχέως δράσης και της αργής δράσης ασφάλειες

Selection and application of fast-blow and slow-blow fuses

Applications of Fast-Acting and Slow-Acting Chip Fuses

Slow-Acting Fuses:

They withstand short-term overcurrents (e.g., 7 times the rated current for 0.5-3 seconds during motor startup). ‌‌
It features a time-delay function, taking 5 να 10 seconds to fuse at 2 times the rated current, and can withstand short-term high-current surges (such as motor starting currents up to 7 times the rated current).
It has a high melting heat value, achieving delayed fuse opening through heat absorption in quartz sand or a spiral design.

Fast-blow applications:
Resistive load circuits (electric heating appliances, LED lighting);
Protection of sensitive semiconductor devices (such as MOSFETs and lithium battery packs for short-circuit protection);
Resistive loads (electric kettles, κουζίνες ρυζιού);
Protection of sensitive circuits such as lithium battery packs and circuit boards;
Applications requiring rapid interruption of short-circuit currents.

Slow-blow applications:
Inductive/capacitive loads (κινητήρες, switching power supplies);
Applications requiring surge protection (such as magnetizing surge protection for transformers over 100kVA);
Inductive/capacitive circuits such as motors, power supplies, and inverters;
Equipment subject to startup inrush current (such as switching power supplies and transformers);
Environmental environments requiring pulse current tolerance.

Protection function differences Fast-blow fuses: Provide short-circuit protection only and cannot distinguish between overload and transient pulses. ‌‌
Slow-blow fuses: Provide both overload and short-circuit protection, using the I²t value (the integral of the square of the current and the time) to determine energy. ‌‌

Key Parameters and Selection Key Points
‌I-T Curve Differences‌
Fast-blow fuses have a steeper curve, with a melting time of ≤0.1s at 2x the rated current; slow-blow fuses have a flatter curve, with a withstand time of ≥10s at 2x the rated current.
‌Interchange Risk‌
Replacing a slow-blow fuse with a fast-blow fuse may cause the device to fail to start; replacing a fast-blow fuse with a slow-blow fuse may increase the risk of damage to sensitive components.
‌Cost and Structure‌
Slow-blow fuses are more expensive due to their special alloys or complex structures.

‌Selection Considerations‌
‌Parameter Calculation Priority‌:
Verify that the I²t value of the circuit’s maximum surge is less than the fuse’s withstand value (για παράδειγμα, a power supply must pass a 15A/150ms surge test). ‌‌
The interrupting capacity must be higher than the system’s maximum short-circuit current (e.g., for a 35kA short-circuit, choose a 50kA interrupting capacity). ‌‌

Common Misconceptions‌:
High temperatures can cause the rated current of a slow-blow fuse to drop by 30%. ‌‌
Misusing a fast-blow fuse in a UPS can cause false tripping (one case resulted in losses of 1.8 million yuan). ‌‌
Experiments show that when a lithium battery short-circuits, the probability of thermal runaway caused by a slow-blow fuse is eight times higher than that of a fast-blow fuse.
In inverter testing, misusing a slow-blow fuse can increase the module damage rate from 1% να 37%.